Te kāinga mihingare i Kerikeri, 1830 Image: ATL PUBL-0031-30 © Image copyright conditions

Dandeson Coates
Rei Hekeritari o te RŌpŪ HĀhi MIHINGARE

"Ka tohea e au mai i tēnei pepa whai mana (1835 Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga) e āta whakaaetia ana a Niu Tireni e tēnei Whenua, he whenua motuhake me tōna tino rangatiratanga. Nō reira ko ngā Ture o te Kāwanatanga me te Whare Ture o (Peretānia Nui Tonu), e takahi ana i taua rangatiratanga, ehara i te kaupapa hei whakaūtanga mā te Kāwanatanga o Piritone."

Minutes of Evidence before Select Committee on the Islands of New Zealand, House of Lords, 1838, pp.243-6. Published in W. David McIntyre and W.J. Gardner (eds), Speeches and Documents in New Zealand History, Oxford, 1971, p. 7.

Lord Normanby Image: ATL 1/1-001568-G © Image copyright conditions

Rore Normand
Te Hekeretari o INGARANGI MŌ NGĀ Koroni

"Kua kōrero kē au, ko te [Kāwanatanga o Ingarangi] e whakaae ana he whenua motuhake, he whenua tū rangatira a Niu Tireni, otirā e whakaae ana kia whai wāhi ai ōna iwi tini e noho marara ana. Engari ko te whakaaetanga ki ō rātou tika, e whakamau atu ana ki te pono o te Karauna o Ingarangi. Ko te Kuini, kāore e tango mōna me āna pononga, ngā moutere o Niu Tireni, te whakahaere tikanga rānei ki runga i a rātou hei tominiana mō Peretania Nui Tonu, kia mātua whakaae rawa te tangata whenua i runga i te ngākau mārama, i runga i te mōhio."

British Government instructions to Captain William Hobson, 14 August 1839. Colonial Office file 209/4, Archives New Zealand, Wellington. Published in Robert McNab (ed) Historical Records of New Zealand Wellington, 1908, vol. 1, p. 731.

Lieutenant-Governor Hobson Image: ATL G-826-1 © Image copyright conditions

RŪtene-KĀwana Hobson (Te Hopihona)
ki ngĀ Rangatira i Waitangi

"Ko Wikitōria Kuini o Peretania Nui Tonu rāua ko Airana, e hiahia ana kia atawhaitia ngā rangatira me ngā tāngata o Niu Tireni me te oranga hoki o āna pononga e noho tahi ana me koutou. Nāna ahau i tono ki tēnei wāhi hei Kāwana, engari kāore he take o ngā ture o Ingarangi, kāore hoki ōna mana i waho o ōna tominiana ki te kore koutou e whakaae [ki te Tiriti] kia whakaritea hei atawhai i a koutou.

Kua tohungia ahau e Tōna Tapairu Whakahirahira kia whakamārama i ēnei take kia mārama ai koutou.

E hia hoki ō koutou tononga ki te Kīngi o Ingarangi mō tōna korowai hei tāwharau i a koutou. Kua tukuna atu e Tōna Tapairu Whakahirahira taua tāwharau i roto i te Tiriti nei."

Quoted in William Colenso, The Authentic and Genuine History of the Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand, Wellington, 1890, pp. 16-7.

Tamati Waka Nene Image: ATL PA2-2721 © Image copyright conditions

Tamati Waka Nene, NgĀ Puhi
Ki te RŪtene-KĀwana Hopihona, i Waitangi

"E te Kāwana! E noho. Kaua koe e haere, noho mai mō mātou hei matua hei kaiwhakawā hei kaihohou i te rongo. E noho ki konei i raro i tō mātou maru, kaua e whakarongo ki ngā kōrero a Ngā Puhi. Noho mai e tō mātou hoa, e tō mātou matua, e tō mātou Kāwana."

Quoted in William Colenso, The Authentic and Genuine History of the Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand, Wellington, 1890, p. 27.

Rewa, Ngai Tawake Image: State Library of NSW © Image copyright conditions

Rewa, Ngai Tawake, NgĀ Puhi
Ki te RŪtene-KĀwana Hopihona, i Waitangi

"He aha te hiahia a te tangata whenua ki te Kāwana? Ehara mātou i te kiritea, i te tauiwi, ko mātou ngā Kāwana, ngā rangatira o ngā whenua o ō mātou mātua tīpuna. Kore rawa au e whakaae, kore, kore, haere e hoki."

Quoted in William Colenso, The Authentic and Genuine History of the Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand, Wellington, 1890, p. 19.

Lieutenant-Governor Hobson Image: ATL G-826-1 © Image copyright conditions

RŪtene-KĀwana Hopihona
ki a William Colenso, KaiTĀ, Te RŌpŪ HĀhi MIHINGARE

I te hainatanga i Waitangi

"Ki te kore ngā rangatira e mārama ki ngā take o te Tiriti nei, ehara nōku te hē. Ko tāku e tūmanako ana kia āta mārama rātou ki te Tiriti. Kua mahia e au ngā mahi katoa kia mārama ai rātou, hoi, kāore i te aro i ahau me pēhea te whakatutuki, kua rongo rātou i te Tiriti i pānuihia e Te Wiremu."

Quoted in William Colenso, The Authentic and Genuine History of the Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand, Wellington, 1890, p. 33.

Ko Nōpera Panakareao rāua ko tana wahine. Image: ATL PUBL-0151-2-014 © Image copyright conditions

NŌPERA PANAKAREAO
RANGATIRA O TE RĀRAWA

"Koia tēnei taku kōrero. Ko taku hiahia kia kotahi anō ō tātou whakaaro. ... Ko au kei tō koutou upoko. Ko taku hiahia kia whai Kāwana anō koutou katoa. Ka ora tātou i tēnei āhua. Me whakaae te katoa pēnei me au nei. Kua noho mai he matua ināianei hei tirohanga ake mā tātou... Kia kaua tātou e takakino i te Pākehā. 'Mā wai hei whakahē i te Kāwana, ko te ata o te whenua ka riro i a Kuini Wikitōria; ko te whenua ake, ka toitū.' "

 [Cited by Willoughby Shortland to Lieutenant-Governor Hobson, 6 May 1840. British Parliamentary Papers, Colonies New Zealand (IUP edition), Volume 3, pp.180-181. Nopera was speaking at the hui called to discuss signing the Treaty of Waitangi at Kaitaia in April 1840. Note that Pana-kareao reversed this metaphor the following year.]

He whakaahua i Aotearoa i te tau 1841. Kei roto hoki i te whakaahua ko Kāpene Symonds e mau ana i tētahi kākahu. Image: ATL B-038-001-a © Image copyright conditions

KĀpene W.C. Symonds
Pirihimana KaiwhakawĀ, i tohutohungia hei whakakao waitohu ki runga i tĒtahi kape o te Tiriti

"E whitu ngā rangatira e tautoko ana i te Tiriti. Ko Te Wera-wera [Te Wherowhero] rātou ko te tokowhitu i whakaepaepa. Ki a au nā te awe o te Pīhopa Katorika me te ihu-tū hoki o ngā rangatira, me te noho ko taku kotahi, kāore e taea e au te tohu i te awe o te pakihiwi kaha ki runga i ngā hinengaro o ngā mohoao.”

W.C. Symonds in a letter to the Colonial Secretary, 12 May 1840. Great Britain Parliamentary Papers 1841 (311) XVII pp. 101-2.

KĀwana Gipps
KI Te RŌpŪ Hanga Ture o New South Wales

“I whakaritea te whakaputanga o te rangatiratanga i ngā iwi ruarua noa nei o te Pēwhairangi, kāore hoki i tae ki ngā mea e noho ana i Hauraki, ki te tonga. Kua kōrerohia e Te Pūhipi ki a koutou nāna tonu tēnei kaupapa i hanga i runga anō i tōna ake mana, kāore i runga i te mana o te hēkeretari, te Kāwana rānei o te koroni, ko ia nei tōna rangatira; he mea whakataruna nāna ki a Te Tieri; otirā kāore e taea te taruna kei te mārama ngā tāngata whenua ki tōna ia; hoi ahakoa te mimiti kua emi tonu rātou ki te whakaputa i ngā ture, inā hoki i ārahihia e Te Pūhipi i roto i tana whakapuakanga kia pēra ai; otirā e whākina ana ngā rangatira, rātou mā ngā mea i haina i te whakaputanga o te mana motuhake ki te mana o te Kuini. E whai ake ana tēnei kia whakahokia ngā mea katoa ki te whenua whai mana mēnā rā kāore te whakaputanga o te mana motuhake i hangaia. Ko te tino ariā o tēnei mahi kia kitea ai he huarahi hei whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro i waenganui i ngā rangatira e tika ana o Te Ika a Māui, hāunga Te Puku o te Ika me Te Waipounamu, ērā whenua kua raupatutia i raro i ngā tikanga o te take taunaha, kāore hoki i whakawhiti whakaaro; ka mutu, mēnā ko te whakaputanga o te mana motuhake i ngā mea o Niu Tireni i hoatungia te mana ki a tauiwi hei tahi atu i ō rātou whenua i tarunga te hoko, ā kāti, ko ngā tāngata nā rātou te whakaputanga o te mana motuhake i hanga te taua nanakia katoa e kitea e ngā tangata o Niu Tireni. He pai ake mō te hunga o Niu Tireni me te mana o Ingarangi mēnā ka whāngaia ia ki te hāngi pērā i te poaka, kātahi ka kainga tonutia, hoi kei te tū mataara tonu a ia, ānō nei kua tāuwhihia ōna mahi nanakia ki te wai. Ko taku whakapae he mea rorirori te whakaputanga o te mana motuhake nāna nei i hanga i raro i te kore mana ka mutu he kariri pepa i pūhia ki a Te Tieri.”

G. Gipps, Speech of His Excellency . . . on the second reading of the bill for appointing commissioners to enquire into claims to grants of land in New Zealand. (1840) pp. 23-24. According to T. M. Hocken (Bibliography p. 79) the speech was drafted by Judge John Walpole Willis (1793-1877).

Octavius Hadfield Image: ATL PAColl-6348-44 © Image copyright conditions

Octavius Hadfield
HE MIHINGARI I Ōtaki

"I nā tata nei e rua aku haerenga i te taha o Te Wiremu ki te kohi i ngā mokotā o ngā rangatira kia tukua ō rātou mana o runga i te whenua ki te Kuini. Nāku noa iho i kai kanohi atu engari kāore tonu au e hiahia kia whai wāhi ahau ki te Kāwanatanga."

Octavius Hadfield in a letter to his brother, George, Kapiti, 6 July 1840; O. Hadfield Papers, MS 897; Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library, Wellington.

Major Thomas Bunbury Image: ATL PAColl-6075-15 © Image copyright conditions

Meiha Thomas Bunbury
Āpiha rangatira tuarua a Te Hopihona

"I te 23 [o Hune] ka punga te Herald, te kaipuke o te Kuini, ki Te Matau a Māui. I tau ahau ki te rapu i te rangatira nei a Te Hāpuku. Hāwhe hāora ahau e hoe ana, e hīkoi ana kātahi anō au ka tae ki te pā, engari kua haere kē te rangatira ki roto i te tuawhenua, ā, i tonoa tētahi ki te tiki i a ia. I te tīmatanga, kāore a Te Hapuku i haina i te Tiriti. E kī ana a ia he tangata kora a ia me tana kī i rongo a ia i meinga ngā mea i haina i te Tiriti hei taurekareka. Nā, ka tonoa e au a Te Wiremu kia haere ki te pātai i te rangatira, a Hara, tētahi o ngā rangatira i haina i te Tiriti he aha ia i kore ai e meinga hei taurekareka, ka mutu e hia ngā taurekareka i kite ia i te Pēwhairangi.”

Major Thomas Bunbury in a letter to Captain Hobson, 15 October 1840. Great Britain Parliamentary Papers 1841 (311) XVII, p. 10.

KĀwana Gipps
ki a Rore Russell

“Kua whakawāngia e au engari, ko te mea nui kia whakawhāiti ngā mea tauiwi o Pōneke ki tētahi whenua rōnaki kia kore ai e marara i te whānuitanga o te rohe… ki te haere tonu te kamupene, e tika ana kia whāiti tō rātou mana hoko ki ngā rohe kua tohungia e te Kāwanatanga. Ko te whakaritenga o ngā tāone he mea mā te Kāwana e whakatau. Ki te kore ēnei tikanga e mana ka ara ki konei ki Niu Tireni ngā mahi heahea i mahia i Poihākena… Ahakoa i roto i te koroni hou, ki te wāwāhia te whenua ki ngā wāhanga e ōrite ana te nui, engari kāore i ōrite te wāriu, ā, ki te hokona pēnei i te rotari, ko te āhua nei he momo toropere moni tēnei, me taku whakapae kāore pea i te tika kia whai wāhi te Kāwanatanga ki ēnei momo mahi.”

Governor Gipps to Lord Russell, 6 October 1840, (holograph copy sent to Hobson), in Archives New Zealand, G 1 / 2 pp. 181-197.

Ko Nōpera Panakareao rāua ko tana wahine. Image: ATL PUBL-0151-2-014 © Image copyright conditions

KO NŌPERA PANAKAREAO
RANGATIRA O TE RĀRAWA

Te tinana o te whenua ka riro i te Pākehā, ko te ata kau tērā ka noho mai i a tātou.

[Cited by Reverend Richard Taylor in his journal, January 1841. See Ian Wards, Shadow of the Land, 1968, p.vii. This is a reversal of Pana-kareao’s oft-quoted 1840 speech, when he believed that, under the Treaty of Waitangi, only the shadow of the land had gone to the Queen.]

Te nohonga o Pōneke e te Kamupene o Aotearoa. Tētahi huihuinga ingoa nui o ngā kaipuke nāna i kawe mai te hunga noho whenua hou i Ingarangi, i Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara, te 8 o Māehe, 1840. Image: ATL C-033-005 © Image copyright conditions

Samuel McDonald Martin, kaiWHAKANOHO,
E whakahĒ ANA i te kauhau a KĀwana Gipps i te marama o HŪrae 1840 (I whakahuatia I runga nei)

"Ko Te Kipa me te Kaunihera o Niu Tireni [arā ko te Kamupene] e kī ana he ōrite ngā tāngata o Niu Tireni ki ngā tāngata whenua o Niu Horana arā, ngā mohoao kāore e whai kāinga, nōhanga tūturu rānei, ā, ki ō rātou whakaaro ko te terenga atu o tō rātou ngaronga atu e rātou anō me ō rātou kaiwhakaemi kararehe, ko te painga atu… Kua whiwhi nei te rōia tianara i ngā mana ture o ngā whenua o te ao me ētahi ripoata mō ngā whakatau i waenganui i Amerika me ngā iwi Īnia, ēnei katoa e āta tohu mārire ana i te tika o te muru a ngā whenua rangatira i ngā mohoao, ā, ki te raupatu i ō rātou whenua…nō reira, kua whiwhi nei i ngā mana ture o Amerika, ka tukuna e Te Kipa tana kauhau, tumeke ana āna tāngata kaunihera i te reka o te mātauranga ā-ture, hohoro tonu te whakaae, he mohoao ngā iwi o Niu Tireni; koinei te tīmatanga, ā, ko te rite o tō rātou whakapono, ānō ko ngā whakatauākī a Euclid. I te tino whakahīhī o te Kāwana o Poihākena ki tana kauhau, ka whakapaua e ia he hereni ki te tā, hei whakamīharo mā ōna hoa, me āna pononga, ki te pai o ana kupu, mātauranga, tika."

S. Martin, New Zealand in a series of letters (1845) letter vi, pp. 113-114. Martin was at one time the editor of the New Zealand Herald and also the president of the New Zealand Aborigines Protection Association.

Joseph Somes Image: ATL C-043-007 © Image copyright conditions

Joseph Somes,
KĀwana o te Kamupene o Niu Tireni
Reta ki a Rore Stanley, Te HĒkeretari o INGARANGI MŌ NGĀ Koroni

"Mai rā anō tō mātou āwangawanga ki te Tiriti i hangaia i waenganui i ngā mohoao kirikau, e tētahi Kairauhī kāore nei ōna mana kāwanatanga, kāore hoki he whakamanatanga Karauna, he aha hoki tā te rōia i tua atu i te kī he kaupapa rangatira tēnei hei whakangahau, hei whakarata i ngā mohoao mō te wā poto."

From one of a series of letters trying to claim that the effects of the Treaty did not extend to the huge lands claimed by the New Zealand Company. GBPP 1844 (556) Report from the Select Committee on New Zealand, Appendices, Appendix no. 2 (Land Claims) p. 30.

Hone Heke Image: ATL A-114-003 © Image copyright conditions

Hone Heke
ki a KĀwana Fitzroy

"E te hoa Kāwana – Koinei taku kōrero ki a koe. Ehara taku whakatete me taku whakapōhane i te mea hou. He mea whakaheke mai i ōku mātua me ōku tīpuna, nō reira kauaka hei pōhēhē he āhuatanga hou tēnei, engari kei te whakaaro ahau me waiho taku whanonga whakapōhane ki a tauiwi. Nā, ko taku kī kei te whakaritea he pou anō ki te tuawhenua, i Waimate ka whakatūngia ki te tūranga tika i Kororāreka ki te whakamutu atu i ā tātou rīriri. Whakarerea atu ō hōia ki tua o te moana, ki Tāmaki-makau-rau, kauaka e tukuna mai ki konei. Nāku anō taua pou i toki rā, arā i mahia mai hai whakairi kara Māori, ā, kāore i utua e tauiwi."

The translation by Thomas Forsaith. Letter from Heke to Governor Fitzroy at Auckland Public Library, reprinted in the Governors despatches.

Governor Robert FitzRoy Image: ATL 1/1-001318-G © Image copyright conditions

KĀwana Robert FitzRoy
i tĒtahi hui i NgĀ Puhi i Te Waimate

"E ono wiki ki muri ka tutū te puehu ki te tāone o Kororāreka i te ope taitama tāne e ārahitia nei e Hone Heke, ā, ka whakaohongia, ka whakahāweangia te iwi kāinga, ka murua hoki ngā kāinga, ka heria atu tētahi wahine, arā, te hoa rangatira o Te Rore, ā, ka tokia te pou a te Kāwanatanga. Kia kore te iwi kāinga e āta noho mārie, tērā pea kua aituāhia ētahi tāngata, ā, he aha te hua o tēnei? Heoi anō kāore he tangata i aituāhia, ngā mihi nui ki te Runga Rawa, ahakoa ngā āhuatanga ki te whakamāmā i te mahi a Hone Heke, he nui te kōrero kei muri o tana tapahi i te pou haki, ā, nōku anō tēnei whakaaro. Ko te mahi a Hone Heke me tana rōpū i Kororāreka, he mahi hūneinei, nō reira nāku te mahi ki te whakatū hōia ki reira. Ka kōrero au i nāianei mō te pou kara ahakoa he rākau noa nei, engari nō te hononga ki te kara o Ingarangi kua mana. Kua rongo ahau i a Heke me ētahi atu e kī ana, he mea whakahāwea te kara o Ingarangi i a rātou, nō reira tā rātou tope i te pou. Kua rongo hoki au i ngā āwangawanga mō te Kāwanatanga o Ingarangi me te pōkaikaha ki ō mātou whakaaro. Nā te putanga o ēnei whakaaro e mate ai koutou, nō reira me whakakore atu. Ko te kara o Ingarangi he tohu rangatiratanga, oranga me te whakarurutanga. Ko te kara he mea tapu nā te mea he taumarumaru tērā. Ka horaina ōna painga me koutou, ō mātou tungāne, ka noho ōrite koutou me mātou. Ko ngā painga ka whiwhi mātou i te kara, ka mahora atu ki a koutou, ā, ko tā mātou mahi he tohutohu i a koutou me pēhea te whakamahi i aua painga. He mea atu anō e taea e mātou?… Kāo. Kua kōrero ahau mō tēnei āhuatanga mō ngā mahi hīanga a Heke ki ētahi atu rangatira, ā, kua tuhia mai he reta whakapāha mō te pou kara, ka whakaae mai kia whakatūtia anō he pou kara. Ko te utu ki a koutou, he pū. Kāore e nui aku whakahau, otiia me whakaae te iwi i hē rātou, kāore hoki au i te hiahia ki te muru i te rawa a te tangata, a tōna hoa rānei. Nō reira kia 10 noa ngā pū hei utu i ngā mahi tutū a Heke."

The Governor’s address to the chiefs [2 September 1844] (Auckland: 1844).

William Colenso Image: ATL 1/2-005028 © Image copyright conditions

William Colenso (TE KORonENO),
KAITĀ O Te RŌpŪ HĀhi MIHINGARE, e kŌrero ana mŌ te tautohetohe i waenganui i a Heke rĀua ko FitzRoy

"He pai ngā whakahaere katoa otirā kei te mārama te anipā o te tangata whenua i roto i ngā kōrero a ngā rangatira i tēnei hui me ētahi atu. Ka whakaritea ngā tūmanako o ēnei rā me ngā rā e heke mai nei, ki ērā o ngā rā o mua, me te mihi anō hoki ki ētahi o ngā mihingare o mua, a Te Pūhipi me te kōrero kino anō hoki mō ngā mihingare hou, mō te Pīhopa me te Kāwanatanga i raro i te karangatanga kotahi. Ka nui hoki ngā kōrero e haere tonu ana, arā te nekeneke mai i ngā mihingare ka whakauru atu ki wāhi kē o te motu, ngā tautohe tikanga whakahaere i ngā karakia, e inoi ana mō te Kuini, me tana tāne a Piriniha Arapata, te Piriniha o Wēra me ētahi atu, ka mahue ngā rangatira me ētahi atu pēnā ki ngā mahi e anga ana ki te rangi me te whenua, otirā, he tohu tēnei i tō rātou mārama. Ka hoki atu te Kāwana me tana kore e kite i a Hone Heke i tōna taenga atu e rua rā i muri mai i haere ki Waimate me tana ope 150 te maha [i muri] ka tuhia atu e rua ngā reta whakahāwea ki te Kāwana, ā, kāore hoki e tukuna e te Pīhopa, kāore hoki e tukuna mā tētahi atu e tuhi te reta. I runga anō i tā mātou inoi, ka noho mai a Heke kia tae mai a Atirikona Wiremu e hau mai ana i Paihia, ā, ka whakawhere kia pai mai te ia o ana reta."

W. Colenso to Lay Secretary, 19 November 1844, in ATL-Micro-MS-Coll-04-35 (CMS Archives CN/M v. 15 p. 112).

Henry Williams Image: ATL 1/2-052461 © Image copyright conditions

Henry Williams (TE KARUWHĀ)
ki a PĪHOPA Selwyn

"I whirinaki ake au ki te Tiriti, a, nā te whakamārama me te whakarato i ētahi kape ki ngā rangatira i puta ai te ihu me te whakahōnore anō hoki i te Kuini, ōrite te kī kei te pai, kei te pono ngā whakatakotoranga o te Tiriti. Mei kore ake te whakaratonga i te Tiriti, kāore e hapa taku whāki atu kia kore tēnei kua patua e te hunga kāinga te hunga Pākehā i tēnei wāhanga o te motu, ā, waihotia ana mā ētahi atu e kimi utu, pērā i ngā kainatu o Kabul. Nā taku whakapono e tapu ana te Tiriti ki waenganui i te Kāwanatanga o Ingarangi me ngā rangatira o Niu Tireni ka pakari taku kōrero i runga i te ngākau tapatahi mō te hōnore o Ingarangi, ko te mutunga atu kua kore he hē o te Kuini me te Kāwana ki a rātou."

H. Williams to Selwyn, 20 February 1845, in ATL-Micro-MS-Coll-04-35 (CMS Archives CN/M v. 15 pp. 218-219). The CMS reprinted the Treaty text in Maori from the Colenso printing of 1840.

Reverand Walter Lawry Special Collections, Auckland City Libraries (NZ) A-098-021 © Image copyright conditions

Rev. Walter Lawry
ki Te RŌpŪ MĪhana Weteriana

"Ko te tāone o Kororāreka i Pēwhairangi kua pāhuatia e te iwi kāinga ahakoa i tonoa te waka o te pakanga, arā te Hazard me ngā hōia hoki a te Kāwana ki te ārai i te parekura. I whāia katoa a tauiwi, ā, ka rere mai ki konei me ngā apakura o te mate. Ko tēnei pakanga mō te mana motuhake. Kāore e tino mōhiotia ana āhea ka mutu. Ko te rangatira nei a Heke nāna nei te ope i ārahi, i kī kāore ōna whakahē mō te noho o ngā Pākehā engari anō mō te Kāwanatanga tauiwi, ka whakahēngia, ka whakakorehia e ia. Ka kī a Heke ko ngā Hūrae i whakahaua ki te mahi pereki kāore he otaota mā ngā Ihipa, ā, ka pēnā anō mō āna tāngata whenua ki te kore e āraia atu a tauiwi. Ko te whakaaro o te Kāwanatanga he tiaki i ngā iwi e rua mēnā ka taea.”

W. Lawry to Committee, 22 March 1845, in ATL-Micro-MS-Coll-03-22.

Reverand Walter Lawry Image: ATL A-098-021 © Image copyright conditions

Rev Walter Lawry
ki te RŌpŪ MĪhana Weteriana

"Kātahi anō au ka kōrero ki te Kāpene o te kaipuke HM North Star me tana Rūtene tuatahi, he hoa nōku i a mātou i ngā moutere o Tonga me Wallis. E kī ana a Kāpene Everard Home ka hinga te koroni ki te kore e patua te tangata whenua kia ngaro, engari he pakanga roa tēnei, ka mutu he nui ngā moni ka pau, he maha nga tāngata ka mate, ā, kāore i tika kia riro mā te Kāwanatanga o Ingarangi e waha tērā taumahatanga. Ki ōna whakaaro mā te pā hōia i konei hei pupuri ngā moutere, hei ārai atu i ngā Wīwī, koirā noa iho mā Ingarangi i tēnei wā. Kāore e kore ka umere te hunga koroni nā te kore e tāwharautia o ō rātou whenua, otirā kei te taha katau ko te tangata whenua. He take tino nui tēnei; – ka taea anō te tiaki i te hunga koroni me ngā tangata whenua me te noho tahi hoki. Kāore pea e rata a Tā Everard kia tāngia, engari i kī mai a ia ki a au, "Tākare katoa te Kāwana — kua pōrangi." Kāore e taea te uiui i te ngākau nui o Kāpene FitzRoy engari ka taea te ui i ana whakatau. Rua rau ngā hōia nāna i pana, ka mutu nāna hoki aua hōia rā i tono mai i Poihākena, me tana whakarite i te pou haki i muri mai i te poroporohanga a te tangata whenua i te Pē, otirā he iti noa iho ngā tāngata e tāwharau ana i te pou haki, ka mutu i hinga rātou, ka tāwaitia. He āhuatanga katoa ēnei hei turaki i te angitu o te tangata. Kei konei mātou e tū ana i runga i te putu kariri ka pahū ahakoa he aha te hāora."

W. Lawry to the General Secretaries, 27 Māehe 1845, in ATL-Micro-MS-Coll-03-22.

Governor Robert FitzRoy Image: ATL 1/1-001318-G © Image copyright conditions

KĀwana FitzRoy,
he reta tŪmatahuna ki a Danderson Coates

"Ahakoa ngā whakapae he hunga kino [ngā Maori] kāore au e whakaaro poururu. Kāore hoki e taea e au te mata moe ki ngā matatuhi o taua wāhi kino. Kua kore a Kororāreka, kua kore te puta o te hara, o tēnei koroni. E kitea ana te wikitōria o ngā Karaitiana i ngā whanonga o ngā Maori – i tua atu i ētahi mohoao ruarua nei — me te noho tau o ngā mihingare me ō rātou whare, ā rātou rawa hoki, ā, ka kite te Kāwanatanga o Ingarangi, ki te piri ngā Pākehā mahi kino ki te mano o ngā tāngata Māori mau pū, te mutunga ko te rite ki Kororāreka, ki te kore e tata mai he puni kaha, hei tautoko, hei whakakaha i te Kāwanatanga."

FitzRoy to D. Coates, confidential 29 March 1845, received at CMS 14 July 1845, now in DUHO MS-0052 letter 43.

Reverand Robert Maunsell Image: ATL 1/2-127076-F © Image copyright conditions

Rev Robert Maunsell
ki NGĀ HĒkeretari CMS

"Ahakoa te rite o te Tiriti ki te pakiwaitara, ehara tēnei i te kōrero noa, ka tū te Kāwanatanga ki te tuku i ētahi mana ki te Māori ka mutu ko ngā Māori i āta whakamōhiotia ki taua oati. Mehemea i meinga te Tiriti hei takakino kāore rānei, kāore i te aro i ahau. Anei tāku e mōhio ana, kia kore aua whakatau, kua kore e tū te koroni, mā te pakanga rawa ki te tangata whenua me ētahi atu mahi ririki, kino atu i ō nāianei."

"Kāore pea ngā tāngata i te mārama ki ngā tikanga katoa o te Tiriti, hoi, nā mātou nā ō rātou kaiako i āta whakamārama atu ki a rātou kia tau ai te ngākau uiui me te harawene, koinei hoki ō rātou whakaaro mō ngā nekeneke a te Kāwanatanga. Ko tō rātou mohoao te korowai hei whakataruna i te ngākau pakanga o te tangata mohoao-kore."

"Kāore he whenua i kore te nōhia i Niu Tireni. Mārama tonu ngā rohe pōtae o ngā iwi, engari ngā rohe kāore i mārama, ka tautohetia, ehara i runga i te pāhao engari i runga i te pūito o te pāhao. Kua kite kē ngā mea kua noho me ngā tāngata whenua - me taku kī i tautoko hoki ngā kōrero a Kāpene Hopihona - i te uauatanga ki te whakarata i ngā whakaaro me te ngākau uiui i te hangatanga i taua wāhi noho; me te parekura i Pēwhairangi e kitea ai tōna whanaketanga mai i aua whakaaro ngākau uiui, he mea whakaohooho e tētahi nanakia tauiwi. Kāo, ehara i te mana o Ingarangi engari he whakawhirinakitanga nā ō tātou iwi i ākona ai e tātou, ki te hōnore o Peretania, ā, ki te tino tika i kite ai rātou e mahia ana i roto i ngā tikanga a te Kāwanatanga i tēnei koroni. Ko ngā pakanga i kōkiritia e ngā Māori, i mahia ki Wairau me Te Pēwhairangi. Ko te wāhi ki Wairau, he mārama te takahi i te ture i mau pū ai rātou. I Te Pēwhairangi, ka puta ngā mate, ki te raruraru te angitu o te tangata whenua ki ngā mahi a te Kāwanatanga. Arā me titiro ki Tahiti, ki te tāorotanga a te hunga kāinga i ngā Wīwī ōrite te maha ki a rātou, koinei te mutunga atu o te iwi me te koroni, mehemea i whakamanaia ngā kōrero o tēnei rīpoata."

R. Maunsell to Secretaries, 23 April 1845, in ATL-Micro-MS-Coll-04-35 (CMS Archives CN/M v. 15 p. 312-313).

Ētahi Māori e hokohoko ana ki tētahi Pākehā, i te tau 1845-1846 (te āhua nei i Kororāreka). Image: ATL A-079-017 © Image copyright conditions

Samuel McDonald Martin
(Te tumuaki o Te RŌpŪ TIAKI i ngĀ tĀngata whenua o Niu Tireni)

"Kāore he hua o te huna i te take i horo ai a Kororāreka, nā te pōhēhē me te mahi tinihanga. I te tuatahi he mea pōrahurahu i te mea he iti noa iho te tira hōia, me te whakatū anō i te pou haki hei whakapoapoa i a Heki nāna nei i poroporo. He nui tonu te wāriu o Niu Tireni ki te kore e tukuna anō he Pākehā taunaha. He koroni pai, he whānui inā hoki ki te tika te whakahaere Kāwanatanga. Rata katoa ngā tāngata whenua ki ngā taputapu a te Pākehā ka mutu he whakatipu rawa hoki rātou. Ki te mau te rongo ka piki ake te wāriu o te koroni, ka nui hoki te maha o ngā tāngata, ā, kua kore e whirinaki atu ki ngā kaimahi me ngā pohara o Ingarangi. Ko te pūtea me te manaaki oranga e hiahiatia ana. Otirā kāore e tutuki ēnei āhuatanga ki te raupatutia ngā whenua o ngā tāngata whenua, me ngā pakanga ka whai ake mēnā ka whakapūmautia aua mahi nanakia. Me whakahaere ture noa iho te Kāwanatanga o Niu Tireni me te mea anō hoki kia kaua rātou e whakararuraru i ngā mana tika o ngā tāngata whenua me ngā mana tika o ngā Pākehā ki te kawea ngā mahi huakore i runga i ngā whenua me ngā tāke whenua."

S. Martin, New Zealand in a series of letters (1845) pp. 339-343.

Te nohonga o Pōneke e te Kamupene o Aotearoa. Tētahi huihuinga ingoa nui o ngā kaipuke nāna i kawe mai te hunga noho whenua hou i Ingarangi, i Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara, te 8 o Māehe, 1840. Image: ATL C-033-005 © Image copyright conditions

Samuel McDonald Martin
(e kŌrero ana mŌ nga hoko whenua a te Kamupene o Niu Tireni)

"Ko te mahi a te Kampene o Niu Tireni ki te whakatakoto pono ki te Kāwanatanga, kei a ia te Mana Atua ki te whānako i ngā whenua o te tangata whenua o Niu Tireni, he mea mutunga mai o te hūneinei, mutunga mai o te takahi i ngā tika ā-tangata, ā, e tuki ana ki ngā tikanga me ngā mahi taruna a te Kamupene ake, e tika ana kia utua ki te kōrero. Ko te hua ka puta ki te Kamupene te toi o ōna whakaaro, ka parea ake te taha whakaaro tangata, te tika, te hē. Kaha rawa ngā āpiha me ngā kaipupuri hea o te Kamupene ki te whētētē i te Kāwanatanga o tēnei motu ki te whakaora anō i te wairua raupatu o Pāniora, kāore he kaupapa i tua atu i tō rātau nukarau i ētahi o ngā tāngata o tō tātou whenua, kia haere ki te taunaha i ngā whenua kāore anō kia hokona mai e tā rātou āpiha. Koirā anake, kāore i tua atu, te take i tahuri ai ngā whakaaro o te Kamupene. … He whenua koraha, he whenua wātea anō kei Ingarangi pērā anō i Niu Tireni, ā, ka puta pea te pātai, he aha i noho wātea, noho hua kore tonu ai aua whenua, arā rā te tino mano kei te mate i te kore whenua hei whakatipu i ngā hua e ora ai? Ko ngā tika e utaina ana ki runga i ngā rangatira o Niu Tireni me ā rātou rawa, kia utaina ōrite hoki ki runga i te kāhui rangatira o Ingarangi, ki ō rātou papa rāhui, papa rēhia."

S. Martin, New Zealand in a series of letters (1845) pp. 347-348.

Lord Stanley Image: ATL C-042-003 © Image copyright conditions

Rore Stanley,
HĒkeretari o ingarangi mŌ
ngĀ Koroni NgĀ Tohutohu ki a KĀwana HŌri Kerei

"E whakahē ana ahau ki te mutunga mai o taku kaha, ki te tikanga e mau nei ētahi, ko ngā tiriti kua uru nei tātou me [ngā Māori], he mahi takaware hei whakangahau, hei nukarau i ngā mohoao kore mātauranga.

I runga i te ingoa o te Kuini e whakataha ana ahau ko ngā tiriti i uru atu ai, i whakamanaia ai e te whakahau a Tōna Tapairu Whakahirahira, he mea hanga i runga i te wairua korekore, i runga rānei i te kaupapa take kore. Me tutuki i a koe ngā here o te Tiriti o Waitangi."

Captain George Grey’s Instructions as Lieutenant-Governor, 1845. Published in W. David McIntyre and W.J. Gardner (eds), Speeches and Documents in New Zealand History, Oxford, 1971, p. 120.

Hone Heke Image: ATL A-114-003 © Image copyright conditions

Hone Heke, NgĀ Puhi
He Reta ki a KĀwana Fitzroy

"E te Kāwana, ko koe te māngai o te Kuini, nāna koe i tuku mai… Nā reira… ka tuhi atu au ki a ia… ki te whakahoki mai i tō mātou mana motuhake mō tō mātou motu… kua rongo hoki ahau he wahine hūmarie ia, kāore e tukuna e ia kia hokona ō mātou whenua ki ngā toto o ngā hōia me ngā tāngata whenua."

Public Record Office, London, CO 209/35, 87-91.

Ko te mihingare nei a Hāmuera Mātenga i a ia ka mahuta mai ki uta i te Pēwhairangi. Image: ATL PUBL-0158-76 © Image copyright conditions

Samuel McDonald Martin,
KAIWHAKANOHO

"Ko ngā mihingare o Niu Tireni e whakapaengia ana mō ētahi atu hara, ki te whakakīkī tōrangapū i te Kāwanatanga o te Koroni. Kāore pea he whakapae hua kore kāore i paingia pērā i tēnei. Ki tōku mōhio, ko ngā mihingare, ko ngā Mihana Hāhi, kāore e whakatakoto whakaaro tōrangapū i Niu Tireni. I tua atu i te haere ki te whakahaina i ētahi o rātou ki te Tiriti o Waitangi, kāore rātou i uru atu ki ngā mahi tōrangapū o te koroni. Koirā anake, tino koirā anake te mahi tōrangapū i mahia, e tika ana kia whakahēngia."

S. Martin, New Zealand in a series of letters (1845) p. 356.

Reverand Richard Taylor Image: ATL 1/2-C-14302-F © Image copyright conditions

Rev. Richard Taylor
ki a Dandeson Coates (CMS)

"I haere mai a Kāpene Hopihona me ana oati pai, ka heria mai ngā tono a te Rōpū kia āwhina atu mātou i a ia ki tō mātou kaha; tutuki ana i a mātou, me te whakaaro anō o te tangata whenua, ki te tū te Mana o Ingarangi, ka puta he hua ki a rātou i raurangi, hohoro tonu te whakaae ki tā mātou tono.

Ka hainatia te Tiriti, ka puta te hua ki runga atu i ngā tūmanako o te Kāwana, ā, i runga i tōna ngākau whakamihi ki te āwhina, ka kī ia kia kore taua āwhina, kore ake nei e tū te Mana o Ingarangi ki Niu Tireni. Ā, ahakoa kāore i tutuki i te Kāwana ētahi o ana oati ki ngā rangatira, arā, te tuku mana ki ngā māngai o ia iwi, me te kākahu i a rātou ki ngā kākahu hōnore e tika ana, me puta anō he mihi ki a ia, me te kī, kāore i takahia e ia ngā upoko nui o te Tiriti. Engari nō te waihotanga kia takoto, ka puta ngā kōrero. Ko te kī a Rore Stanley, ko ngā whenua hua kore katoa, nō te Karauna, kāore i roa ka tae mai ki a mātou, ki ngā Māori hoki. Kei konei te pūtake o ngā raruraru katoa ki tōku whakaaro. E maumahara ana au i mua i tōku wehenga mai i te hui i Waimate, ka kī a Hone Heke (kua puta nei tōna rongo ki te whakahoki mai i te mana motuhake o tōna whenua), ki tōna whakaaro, kei te whakatika te Kuini ki te meinga i a rātou hei taurekareka, ā, ko tēnei whakaaro e ai ki ahau, i ahu mai i ngā pirihi Katorika me ētahi Amerikana… me taku mōhio anō, kei te whakaaro iho a Hone Heke he tangata pūmau ia, ā, i runga i tana Karaitianatanga, e tika ana tana mahi; kāore anō kia hapa tana karakia i te ata, i te pō, ā, e mahi ana i runga i te whakaaro tangata, pērā i ngā mahi a te tangata Pākehā i raro i ērā momo whakahaere."

R. Taylor to D. Coates, 18 August 1845, in ATL-Micro-MS-Coll-04-35 (CMS Archives CN/M v. 15 p. 549).

Governor Robert FitzRoy Image: ATL 1/1-001318-G © Image copyright conditions

KĀwana Robert FitzRoy

"Kei te whakawāwā tonu ētahi [i te Tiriti], ko ētahi ka kī he hangarau, ā, kāore he aha ki ētahi ki te waiho ki tahaki, ā ki ētahi he mea nui, he mahi ā-ture, ā, he whakanui hoki i ngā Māori me ngā Pākehā o Niu Tireni. Kāore hoki te iwi kāinga i kite i ōna hua i roto i te rama kotahi, ā, e mārama ana tērā, engari ki te hua ake ā mātou whakahē, ahakoa iti, kua ita te whakaaro ko te pūmau me te pono me te tautoko o ngā Māori e whakamau atu ana ki te hōnore o Peretānia Nui Tonu, ki te mau pono tonu ki te Tiriti o Waitangi, te Pukapuka Mana Nui o Niu Tireni."

Robert FitzRoy, “Remarks on New Zealand” (February 1846), p.10. In Colonial Office file 209/49, p. 446. Archives New Zealand, Wellington.

Reverand Robert Maunsell Image: ATL 1/2-127076-F © Image copyright conditions

Rev. Robert Maunsell
KI TE CMS,

"Te āhua nei kua tino wareware te Kāwana [hou, a Kerei], kore rawa nei tēnei iwi i whakaae ki te mana o te Kuini, ā, ko ētahi noa o ngā rangatira o ētahi rohe o te motu, i haina i te Tiriti o Waitangi, ā, i te pakanga i nā tata nei i te raki, i manaakitia ngā mauhere, ā, i tua atu i tērā, i opeopetia ngā toa taotū e te rata hōia, ka tukuna kia hoki ki te kāinga i te painga ake. … He nui taku pōuri ki te Kāwana. Kāore e kitea e mātou me he kaitohutohu āna. Kua peia mai ngā mea mōhio o te whenua, ahakoa mihingare, kaimahi marea rānei i ana kaunihera. Ko ana whakaaro kāore mātou e mōhio, kia tinana rā anō, engari ko ngā take mō aua mahi, me te whakakotahi ki ngā whakaaro o ngā Hēkeretari Koroni o mua, ki ngā whakaaro rānei o ngā tikanga mahi me ngā take tika, kore rawa mātou e mōhio."

R. Maunsell to the Secretaries, 27 October 1846, in ATL-Micro-MS-Coll-04-35 (CMS Archives CN/M v. 16 p. 532).

Reverand Robert Maunsell Image: ATL 1/2-127076-F © Image copyright conditions

Atirikona Robert Maunsell,
TE Mihingare nĀna i kohikohi ngĀ mokotĀ ki te kape o te Tiriti I heria ki Waikato, e whakatuma ana ki te Hekeretari o te Motu, mŌ ana whakahau i te tau 1846 kia tangohia e te Karauna ngĀ whenua kĀore i te nŌhia e te MĀori

"He aha rawa te kaiārahi o te whenua toa nei i rapu ai ki te raupatu i ngā rawa kua taurangitia ki ō mātou hoa, apataki hoki? Ki te tūpono tēnei tikanga kāore he huarahi i tua atu i wehe atu o ngā mihingare i tēnei whenua i runga i te pōuri me te upoko pakaru."

Quoted in T. Lindsay Buick, The Treaty of Waitangi, New Plymouth, 3rd ed 1936, p. 337.

Justice Chapman Image: ATL B-039-010 © Image copyright conditions

KaiwhakawĀ Chapman,
KŌti Teitei, te whakatau o Te Kuini ki a Symonds

"Me āta whakaae anō ka tika, ko [te taitara o te iwi kāinga] e mana ana, kāore hoki e taea te whakakore (i roto i ngā wā o te rangimārie) ki te kore e whakaae te iwi noho. … Whai muri ki ngā kōrero kua whakahuatia, ko te whakapūmau a te Tiriti o Waitangi i te puritanga o ngā whenua e te Māori, i whakaūngia e te Tūtohi o te Koroni, kāore i whakatakoto, ahakoa ā-tikanga mana, ā-mahi rānei, i te mea hou, mea kāore rānei i tau."

The Queen v Symonds (1847) NZPCC 387 at p. 390.

Rangatira o NgĀ Puhi
Reta ki a KĀwana Kerei

"I haere [mātou] ki te hui i Waitangi… [i reira] …i hainatia e au te pukapuka [te Tiriti], engari… kāore au i rongo ko te pūtake o tēnā [Tiriti] ko te tuku i ō mātou whenua. Ko te mea i rongo au, ko te mana o te whenua nō te Kuini, engari ko te whenua ake ka noho ki a mātou, kia kore ai mātou e murua e tētahi iwi kē — i meatia te Tiriti kia noho ai te Pākehā hei kaitiaki mō te iwi Māori…."

From an original letter in Māori from a chief of Ngā Puhi to “the protector of the two peoples” 1848; A.F. McDonnell, MS Papers 151, Folder 7. Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library, Wellington.

Francis Dart Fenton Image: ATL PAColl-7489-01 © Image copyright conditions

KaiwhakawĀ-Ā-noho Francis Dart Fenton
Ripoata ki a KĀwana Thomas Gore Browne mŌ te Āhua o te MĀori

"Ko te Tiriti o Waitangi e tuku ana i te rangatiratanga o ngā moutere ki a Kuini Wikitoria, ā, i runga i tēnā me te pānui o muri mai i whakaaehia e Kuini Wikitōria, te rite tahi o ngā tāngata o Ingarangi ki te iwi Māori katoa. … Tekau mā ono tau ngā Māori i raro i te maru o te maru o Ingarangi, tērā pea kotahi koata i whānau i raro i te maru o Ingarangi, ā, kāore pea rātou e mōhio ki ā rātou ake tikanga me ā rātou herenga. Ko te kirimana o te kūpapa me te kaitiakitanga e meatia ana, i runga i te whakaae haumūmū, i whakaae kia takoto. Kāore anō te Karauna i whakahau mōraro, tāwharau rānei."

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1860, E-1c, p. 7.